The Journal of Comprehensive Sciences is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Higher Institute of Sciences and Technology – Raqdaleen, Libya, since 2012. The journal focuses on publishing academic research in various humanities and applied disciplines, and it is issued semi-annually (in June and December) in three languages: Arabic, English, and French. The journal holds the International Standard Serial Number ISSN 3104-6266, and it has an official publication license and a legal deposit number. It also publishes special issues for scientific conferences, and its research undergoes rigorous scientific review.
الإدارة العامة للمطبوعات والمصنفات الفنيةبوزارة الثقافة والمجتمع المدني
The extent to which admission requirements for the accounting education program align with the requirements of International Accounting Standard (A case study of University of Kufra )
This study aimed to determine the extent to which the admission requirements for the accounting education program at the Accounting Department, Faculty of Economics, Al-Kufra University, align with the requirements of International Accounting Standard 1 (IAS 1) issued by the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). The study employed a descriptive methodology, collecting data from available documents within the Accounting Department at the Faculty of Economics, and analyzing the data using content analysis. The study concluded that the accounting program at Al-Kufra University complies with IAS 1 at a rate of 95%. Therefore, the study recommends that accounting program specialists prioritize the study and application of IAS 1 in educational institutions to ensure high-quality educational programs that keep pace with developments in the modern business environment. It also recommends focusing on the study and development of laws and regulations governing education in Libya to align with the evolving business environment. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the need for educational institutions and organizations to prioritize the study and application of IAS 1 and to develop educational programs based on its requirements. This will facilitate graduates' ability to pursue advanced educational programs internationally and stay abreast of modern developments. Further academic attention should be directed toward research addressing contemporary topics in knowledge acquisition by educational program users within the modern business environment. This includes defining the nature of this knowledge and how it is represented in mental models and memory retrieval strategies, particularly in light of the application of International Accounting Education Standards (IAES). Such research helps program users gain a deeper understanding of recent developments in the accounting profession. Additionally, research should focus on the impact of these standards on the quality of educational programs and the accounting profession itself.
International Accounting Education Standards, Accounting Education Programs, International Federation of Accountants (IFAC).
Copyright (c) 2026 Comprehensive Journal of Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Reconciliation and Forgiveness in Light of the Objectives of Islamic Law
blessings be upon the one sent as a mercy to all creation, our Master Muhammad (peace be upon him), upon his family, his Companions, and those who follow them in righteousness until the Day of Judgment. This study addresses the subject of reconciliation and pardon in light of the objectives of Islamic law (maqāṣid al-sharīʿah), considering them among the fundamental values upon which the Sharīʿah is founded and among the legitimate means for achieving social peace and consolidating the principles of justice and mercy. The study opens with the Almighty’s statement: “There is no good in much of their private conversation, except for those who enjoin charity, or what is right, or reconciliation between people” (Qur’an, al-Nisāʾ: 114), due to the clear indication of this verse regarding the centrality of reform and pardon in building the Muslim society. The introduction includes a presentation of the motives for choosing the topic and the scholarly issues it raises concerning the precise definition of reconciliation and pardon, the limits of their legitimacy, and their relationship to the objectives of Islamic law. It also clarifies the aims of the study, which are to highlight the maqāṣid-based dimension of these two principles and to demonstrate their importance in resolving individual and social conflicts, in addition to reviewing the most relevant previous studies related to the topic. The study adopts a foundational maqāṣid-based approach and is organized into one chapter comprising two sections: The first section: The foundational framework of the concepts of reconciliation and pardon in Islamic law, and it consists of three subsections. The first subsection is devoted to explaining the legal meaning of reconciliation and pardon, addressing in its first part their linguistic and technical definitions and highlighting the subtle distinctions between them. The second part presents the legal evidences from the Noble Qur’an and the Prophetic Sunnah that establish their legitimacy, thus confirming the deep-rooted nature of these two principles in Islamic legislation. The third part discusses the relationship between pardon and justice and their role in achieving a maqāṣid-based balance between safeguarding rights and promoting the values of mercy and benevolence. The second section examines reconciliation and pardon in light of the revealed texts and their objectives through four parts. The first part deals with the spiritual and ethical dimension of pardon and its effect on purifying the soul and realizing the objective of moral refinement. The second part discusses the problem of misusing reconciliation and pardon outside their proper legal context, especially when this leads to legitimizing injustice or enabling offenders to evade accountability. The third part presents applied models from the life of the Prophet (peace be upon him), such as the Treaty of al-Ḥudaybiyah, the Conquest of Makkah, and his pardon of his enemies, as practical evidence of the maqāṣid-based dimension of reconciliation and pardon. The section concludes, in its fourth part, with the extraction of the main lessons and insights from these Prophetic examples and clarifies ways to activate them in the contemporary context. The conclusion of the study arrives at several findings, most notably: that reconciliation and pardon are not merely abstract moral values, but rather deliberate legal enactments intended to achieve higher objectives, foremost among them the preservation of life, the maintenance of public order, and the realization of social peace. The study also affirms that legitimate pardon is governed by legal regulations that prevent it from becoming a means of undermining rights or obstructing justice. It further recommends the activation of a culture of reconciliation and pardon in contemporary societies through religious, judicial, and media institutions, and linking them to the objectives of Islamic law rather than to purely emotional or superficial usage. The study is supported by a list of authoritative sources and references in jurisprudence, maqāṣid theory, and Prophetic biography, and is appended with several scholarly indexes, such as an index of Qur’anic verses, an index of Prophetic traditions, an index of personal names, and a subject index, in order to facilitate the reader’s access to the contents of the study and to ensure academic and methodological accuracy. Thus, this study contributes to highlighting the maqāṣid-based dimension of reconciliation and pardon and affirms their role in building a society founded upon justice and benevolence, in accordance with Qur’anic and Prophetic guidance.
Reconciliation - Forgiveness - Objectives of Islamic Law
"Unemployment among Libyan Graduates and its Relationship to Future jop Satisfaction"
To analyze the relationship between Unemployment among Libyan This study aims university graduates and their xpectations of future job satisfaction ,in light of the Challenges faced by the labor market and its inability to absorb The in creasing. .The study assumes that continued unemployment Does not only affect theindividuals economic situation, but also influences psychological and social attitudes, especially regarding the evaluation of upcoming professional opportunities. The study adopted the descriptive . analytical approach and relied Theoretically on Expectancy Theory to explain how perceptions of Jop satisfaction are formed in light of available opportunities . It Focused on measuring the impact of unemployment duration, field of study , and opportunities for training and qualific ation in determining the expected level of satifaction. The most important findings revealed an inverse relationship Between unemployment and future job satisfaction. The longer the Period of unemployment and the weaker the chances of obtaining Asuitable job, the lower the graduates,professional expectations and Satisfaction. The results also showed that training and qualification Can contribute to enhancing optimism and improving future Perceptions.
Unemployment . University Graduates . Future Job Satisfaction . Career Expectations . Libya
The asymmetric effects of money supply dynamics on economic stability in Libya: An econometric study using the NARDL model for the period 1990-2020
This study examines the asymmetric impact of money supply dynamics on economic stability in Libya (1990-2020) using the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) approach. To ensure methodological consistency, the exchange rate of the Libyan Dinar is utilized as a proxy for economic stability. Results confirm a nonlinear cointegrating relationship, highlighting a significant "asymmetry" in the long run. Specifically, monetary contraction (negative shocks) exerts a more potent and statistically significant effect on the exchange rate compared to monetary expansion (positive shocks), indicating price stickiness and downward rigidity in the Libyan market. The study recommends implementing flexible monetary frameworks and enhancing fiscal-monetary coordination to mitigate the disproportionate effects of liquidity shocks on currency stability.
Money Supply, Exchange Rate, NARDL Model, Asymmetry, Libyan Economy
The Impact of Reducing Accounting Information System Risks on Achieving Information Security in the E-Commerce Environment: A Field Study on Commercial Banks in Tripoli
The study aimed to reduce risks in accounting information systems to enhance information security in e-commerce environments within commercial banks in Tripoli. It treated risk reduction as the independent variable and information security achievement as the dependent variable. A random sample of 142 was selected; 140 valid questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS (2 were excluded). Using a descriptive-analytical approach, the study found that the system has no major data quality issues, human error and intentional manipulation are not significant problems, and adequate input controls exist. Recommendations: Activate an intelligent automated system to monitor repeated/suspicious transactions Generate daily deviation reports Strengthen automated cross-auditing procedures
The Impact of Expert Systems on Reducing Electronic Fraud: A Field Study at Al-Jumhouria Bank – Tripoli
The study aimed to analyze the impact of expert systems in reducing electronic fraud in commercial banks in the city of Tripoli. The study relied on expert systems as the independent variable, and electronic fraud as the dependent variable. A simple random sample of 125 individuals was selected, with 120 questionnaires analyzed using SPSS software after excluding 5 for incompleteness. It followed the descriptive analytical approach to interpret the relationship between the variables. The study concluded that the knowledge base in expert systems comprehensively covers banking procedures related to credit evaluation, risk management, and fraud detection, with high accuracy and reliability. It recommended enhancing the knowledge base by periodically updating it with data from reliable sources to keep pace with developments in banking procedures
تحليل طيفي لاستقرار حلول المعادلات الخطية باستخدام القيم الذاتية
This study investigates the stability of solutions in linear time-dependent systems through a spectral approach based on the eigenvalues of the system matrix. A mathematically rigorous framework is formulated for both continuous and discrete linear models, establishing the connection between the spectral properties of the matrix and the fulfillment of stability conditions using criteria such as the spectral radius and the distribution of eigenvalues in the complex plane. The methodology involves the analysis of representative cases of matrices with varying structural characteristics, including diagonal, non-symmetric, non-diagonalizable, and algebraically repeated spectra. The results demonstrate that the classical spectral conditions (such as negative real parts of eigenvalues for continuous systems or location within the unit circle for discrete systems) are reliable indicators of stability, provided that algebraic and geometric multiplicities are appropriately considered. The findings confirm that spectral analysis offers a precise and efficient tool for assessing stability without the need for direct time-domain simulation. The study lays the groundwork for extending this approach to more complex systems, including nonlinear or time-varying models.
Spectral analysis, Eigenvalues, Solution stability, Linear equations, Time-dependent systems, Spectral radius, Matrix analysis
دور نظم المعلومات الإدارية في تعزيز كفاءة أداء إدارة الموارد البشرية
Management Information Systems (MIS) are a critical factor in enhancing the efficiency of Human Resource Management (HRM) performance in modern organizations. These systems play a central role in improving planning, recruitment, training, performance evaluation, and motivation processes by providing accurate and reliable data in a timely manner, contributing to effective administrative decision-making. This study aims to analyze the role of MIS in supporting the efficiency of HRM performance, based on a descriptive analytical approach applied to a group of HRM staff members. The results showed that MIS contribute to improving operational processes and enhancing decision-making, which positively affects individual and collective performance within organizations. The study concluded that there is a need to develop the technological infrastructure of these systems and train employees to use them optimally.
Management Information Systems, Human Resource Management, Performance Efficiency, Planning, Recruitment, Training, Performance Evaluation, Motivation, Decision Making
البعد التاريخي للتخطيط الإستراتيجي في التعامل مع الأزمات الكبرى
This research aims to examine strategic planning as an essential and effective tool in crisis management. Crises are no longer exceptional events, but rather recurring phenomena that affect political, economic, social, and health dimensions of modern life. In this context, strategic planning becomes a vital necessity, as it provides a comprehensive framework for risk analysis, future anticipation, and the design of flexible response strategies. The study is guided by a central question: how can strategic planning transform crises from threats into opportunities? From this main question, several sub-questions arise, such as clarifying the theoretical link between strategic planning and crisis management, and identifying the factors that determine its effectiveness. The research adopts a historical-analytical comparative approach, by reviewing both Islamic historical models—such as the Battle of the Trench, the Year of Ashes, and the Ridda Wars—and contemporary examples such as global pandemics and economic recessions. These cases demonstrate how strategic planning often enabled societies to survive or recover, while its absence frequently resulted in failure or collapse. The objectives of the study include analysing the concept and stages of strategic planning, classifying crises into their main categories, identifying the success factors such as leadership, information, resources, and time, and extracting practical lessons from past and present experiences. The significance of this research lies in its integrative perspective that bridges theory and practice. It highlights that strategic planning is not a managerial luxury but a decisive factor for the survival and stability of states and institutions. Furthermore, it provides practical recommendations that decision-makers and organisations can rely upon in preparing for future challenges. Thus, the research makes an academic contribution that enriches Arabic literature and raises awareness about the crucial importance of preparedness and proactive strategies in effective crisis management.
دراسة التدرج الحبيبي لخمس مصادر من الركام الخشن في الجبل الغربي
The properties of aggregates greatly affect the strength and behavior of the concrete structure, and one of the important properties of concrete aggregates is its granularity, for the purpose of obtaining a dense concrete structure, it must be an appropriate gradation in the aggregate, gradation of aggregates is an important factor in controlling the workability of soft concrete. when determining the amount of aggregate present in a unite volume of concrete, the workability of the mixture is more than the aggregate gradation is appropriate. Thus the need for a mount of water is less in turn, and this leads to an increase in the resistance of the resulting concrete, and it also affects the total cost of concrete. On that basis, we conducted a survey of five regions in the western mountains (Libyan west), we were bringing some sources of rubble from it, to study their suitability for use. As preparation for advanced tests of concrete, in addition to achieving the economic requirements and long-term strength of concrete, and knowing its granular gradation each region contained three gradations of aggregates, and then mixing the granular gradient for each region with three gradations as on attempt to know the behavior and compare it with other regions.
دور إطارCOBIT 2019 في تحسين جودة التقارير المالية – دراسة تطبيقية علي المصارف التجارية الليبية
هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل أثر تطبيق إطار COBIT 2019 لحوكمة تقنية المعلومات في تحسين جودة التقارير المالية في المصارف الليبية، مع التطبيق على مصرف الجمهورية. وانطلقت الدراسة من إشكالية تتمثل في تزايد الاعتماد على نظم وتقنية المعلومات في البيئة المصرفية، وما يرافق ذلك من تحديات تتعلق بجودة التقارير المالية وموثوقيتها وشفافيتها. واعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، حيث تم جمع البيانات الأولية باستخدام استبانة وُزِّعت على عينة من العاملين في المصرف ممن لهم علاقة مباشرة بإعداد التقارير المالية أو إدارة نظم وتقنية المعلومات، في حين تم الاعتماد على الكتب والدراسات السابقة والمعايير المهنية كمصادر للبيانات الثانوية. استخدمت الدراسة مجموعة من الأساليب الإحصائية، شملت التحليل الوصفي، واختبارات الصدق والثبات، إضافة إلى تحليل الارتباط والانحدار لاختبار فرضيات الدراسة. وأظهرت النتائج أن مستوى تطبيق إطار COBIT 2019 في مصرف الجمهورية جاء بمستوى مرتفع نسبيًا، كما أظهرت النتائج وجود أثر إيجابي ذي دلالة إحصائية لتطبيق إطار COBIT 2019 في تحسين جودة التقارير المالية، لاسيما فيما يتعلق بخصائص الموثوقية، والدقة، والتوقيت المناسب، والشفافية، وقابلية المقارنة. كما بينت النتائج أن تعزيز حوكمة تقنية المعلومات يسهم في دعم فعالية الرقابة الداخلية الإلكترونية وإدارة مخاطر تقنية المعلومات، بما ينعكس إيجابًا على جودة المعلومات المالية. وتوصي الدراسة بضرورة تعزيز تبني إطار COBIT 2019 في المصارف الليبية، وتطوير سياسات حوكمة تقنية المعلومات، ورفع كفاءة العاملين في هذا المجال، لما لذلك من دور محوري في تحسين جودة التقارير المالية ودعم الثقة في المعلومات المحاسبية، بما يخدم متطلبات الإدارة والجهات الرقابية وأصحاب المصلحة.
An Intelligent Resume Analysis and Job Recommendation System Using NLP
Recruitment systems face increasing challenges due to the diversity of résumé formats, lack of personalized guidance for job seekers, and the persistence of human bias in candidate evaluation. Traditional systems often fail to accurately extract essential information, assess résumé quality, and provide actionable recommendations aligned with labor market requirements. This paper presents an intelligent résumé analysis and job recommendation system based on Natural Language Processing (NLP) and transparent rule-based logic. The system extracts structured information from text-based PDF résumés using PDFMiner3, PyResParser, and spaCy. Résumé quality is evaluated using a rule-based scoring mechanism, while skill gap analysis is performed through explicit comparison between extracted skills and predefined domain requirements. Based on this analysis, the system generates personalized job and training recommendations. The system was evaluated through laboratory testing and real-world field evaluation in collaboration with Human Resources specialists. Experimental results show 90% skill extraction accuracy, 92% job domain classification accuracy, 89% skill gap detection accuracy, and over 91% relevance in job and training recommendations. The findings demonstrate that the proposed system provides an effective, interpretable, and fair solution for intelligent recruitment and career development
Resume Analysis, Natural Language Processing (NLP), Skill Gap Analysis, Job Recommendation System, Rule-Based Decision Making, Recruitment Automation, Career Development, Human Resource Management
Random construction in the city of Al-Bayda during the period 2011-2022 and its irregular expansion and its impact on the urban landscape
The city of Al-Bayda has witnessed rapid urban development and a haphazard and irregular change in land use patterns. Some lands with different classifications have been encroached upon, and the phenomenon of informal construction began to spread significantly after the fall of the ruling regime in (2011). This paper compares the selected study areas between their condition in 2011 and their condition in (2022). The study concluded with a set of statistical results, noting a significant difference between the area of ​​Al-Bayda in (2011 and 2022). Urban growth has also been irregular, concentrated mainly in the north of the city, with the northeastern axis ranking first, followed by the northwestern axis. This is due to the presence of a good road network and connections that easily link it to the city center and neighboring urban centers. Based on this study, this research arrived at some important recommendations, namely the necessity of sound urban planning to address the increasing population size, the enactment of deterrent laws to prevent unregulated expansion, especially on agricultural lands, and supporting young people by providing multi-family vertical housing complexes through monthly deductions from their salaries. Their salaries (as construction loans) reflect the city's official policies of sustainable urban planning and development.
Urban planning, urban intervention, urbanization, sustainable development
The Impact of English Learning Large Class Sizes on Writing Instruction at the Faculty of Education in Libyan Universities Challenges and Implications
This research qualitative method investigation examines how elevated student-teacher ratios (45–60 learners) reconfigure writing pedagogy within resource-constrained EFL contexts at University of Zawia Faculty of Education, employing sequential explanatory design with 380 participants across quantitative surveys, classroom observations, and document analysis. Results reveal that class size operates not as a uniform constraint but as a differential stressor, systematically degrading classroom management (r = –.487, p < .001) and feedback quality (r = –.432, p < .001) while leaving pedagogical adaptation resilient (r = –.087, ns) a novel finding demonstrating instructors' strategic capacity despite structural limitations. Critically, 68.4% of instructors report being forced to prioritize surface errors over higher-order concerns due to temporal scarcity, with classroom management consuming 38% of instructional time rather than pedagogical interaction. The study's primary contribution lies in reconceptualizing large-class challenges through a domain-specific vulnerability framework, empirically identifying classroom management not pedagogical knowledge as the critical bottleneck requiring intervention. This shifts discourse from deficit narratives blaming instructors toward structural solutions, yielding three context-sensitive advantages: (1) a tiered intervention framework (micro-writing sequences, feedback prioritization protocols, technology-mediated scaffolding) feasible without class-size reduction; (2) the first large-scale empirical evidence from Libyan EFL contexts addressing a significant regional research gap; and (3) theoretical extension of sociocultural theory by demonstrating that scaffolding requires not only expert knowledge but temporal infrastructure a conceptual advance with implications for writing instruction across resource-limited global contexts.
large class instruction, EFL writing pedagogy, teacher feedback, classroom management, Libyan higher education, writing assessment
في ظل نقص التقنيات الخاصة برصد غاز الرادون محليا ، دراسة مقارنة لتأكيد جدوى تطبيق المعادلات التجريبية لرصد وقياس جرعة هذا الغاز
The main objective of this research is to enhance the idea of relying on empirical equations in the field of radiation monitoring with more confidence of the results, as it exploited the convergence of results between a local study and a study conducted at the University of Mosul, Iraq, to monitor and measure natural occurring radioactive materials (NORM) for samples of normal soil and fertilized soil, where the results of measuring the concentration of radon gas measured by the nuclear trace detector technique CR39 of the Iraqi study were convergent with the results of the local study that used empirical equations to measure the concentration of the same gas. This convergence of results was also for the radioactive series and hazard indicators, which pushes towards more confidence to the use of these equations with light of the significant shortage of these technologies locally. The main results of both studies were as follows: The Iraqi study readings for radon gas concentration for normal soil ranged between 1.56x103 and 2.26x103 Bq/m3, while in the local study they ranged between 6.7x103 and 8.1x103 Bq/m3, while the fertilized soil readings ranged between 3.02x103 and 4.42x103 Bq/m3, and the local study readings for fertilized soil ranged between 5.24x103 and 23.5x103 Bq/m3. The measured concentrations of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) and the calculated risk indices, the concentrations of 40K, 232Th and 238U series for the Iraqi study for normal and fertilized soil ranged between 179 - 620 Bq/kg and 43 - 62 Bq/kg and 42 - 212 Bq/kg, respectively, while these concentrations in the local study ranged between 254 - 767 Bq/kg, 9 - 60 Bq/kg, and 7 - 110 Bq/kg, respectively. The annual effective dose risk index for the Iraqi study for normal and fertilized soil ranged between 0.64 - 1.22 mSv/y, while in the local study it ranged between 0.026 - 0.105 mSv/y. There is some noticeable discrepancy between the results of the two studies, this is due to the nature of the soil and fertilizer used in both countries, rather than to a discrepancy between the two measurement methods.
Radon gas - Empirical equations - CR39 - NORM - Fertilized soil
) كمورد بيئي بنائي مستدام Posidonia oceanica تالغا ( (استبيان عن وعي المجتمع والمتخصصين ومدى استعدادهم للتبنيه)
Posidonia oceanica is a species of seagrass endemic to the Mediterranean Sea, forming vast underwater meadows. When its leaves decompose, they are transported to the shore, where they accumulate in large piles that serve to protect coastlines from marine erosion. Its roots and rhizome fragments aggregate into fibrous sea balls known as egagropili, which are shaped and deposited along the beach by wave action. Although these formations are often considered undesirable by tourists, and are commonly treated by local communities as waste to be removed, they may, in fact, represent a valuable plant biomass. This biomass could be harnessed as a renewable substrate for producing bio-absorbent materials in environmental remediation, or as an insulating and reinforcing material for sustainable construction. This paper aims to explore public awareness and acceptance of this natural and bio-based material through a survey, analyzing its results and highlighting the main characteristics and potential applications of Posidonia oceanic in various fields—particularly as an effective and sustainable material. The discussion is supported by a review of recent scientific literature published in the past few years
Cellulose; Egagropili; Biomass; Lignin; Marine Waste; Construction Reinforcement; Sustainable
أثر سلوك المواطنة التنظيمية على جودة الخدمة المقدمة
This study aimed to identify the impact of organizational citizenship behavior on service quality. It was a field study conducted on faculty members at the Faculty of Commerce, Tarhuna, Zaytouna University. The study adopted a descriptive approach, and a questionnaire was developed in line with the objectives of the study and distributed to a sample of 45 individuals. The SPSS statistical program was used to analyze the questionnaire. SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the questionnaire. The study concluded with clear results confirming that organizational citizenship behaviors play an important role in improving the quality of educational services at the Faculty of Commerce, Al-Zaytouna University. The results of the statistical analysis showed that all the study's hypotheses were accepted with a high degree of significance, indicating that these behaviors are an active element in supporting academic and administrative performance within the faculty. The results of the main hypothesis test also showed a strong positive relationship between organizational citizenship behaviors, in their various dimensions, and the quality of educational services provided at the Faculty of Commerce. The study recommended that universities, especially Zaytouna University, should focus on promoting a culture of organizational citizenship within the university work environment by raising awareness of its importance and integrating it into academic and administrative training and development programs. It also emphasizes the importance of including the values of belonging, altruism, and professional commitment in the performance evaluation criteria for faculty members
العمالة الوافدة في ليبيا مقايضة بين النمو الاقتصادي والاستقرار المجتمعي
The study aimed to analyze the impact of migrant labor on the economy and society in Libya, by examining the extent of its impact on various economic sectors and community relations The study also addressed the role of migrant labor in improving some aspects of the national economy, in addition to its impact on the Libyan labor market The societal challenges and concerns resulting from the increasing migrant labor in Libya were also examined, including issues related to unemployment among Libyans and the pressure on public services The economic and social literature was reviewed to understand the role of migrant labor in enhancing or diminishing economic and social stability in the country
Migrant workers - Libya - economic necessity - societal concerns
دور البيئة التعلمية في تحفيز الإبداع والابتكار لدى الطالبات: دراسة ميدانية على طالبات كلية التربية، العجيلات
هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على دور البيئة التعلمية بأبعادها الثلاثة (البيداغوجي، الاجتماعي، المادي) في تحفيز الإبداع والابتكار لدى طالبات كلية التربية بمدينة العجيلات، وذلك من وجهة نظرهن، والكشف عن الفروق في هذا الإدراك تبعاً لمتغيري المستوى الدراسي والتخصص الأكاديمي. استخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وطبِّقت على عينة طبقية عشوائية بلغ حجمها (350) طالبة من أصل مجتمع الدراسة المكوّن من (2200) طالبة خلال العام الأكاديمي 2026.- 2025 تمثلت أداة الدراسة في استبيان مبني على مقياس ليكرت الخماسي، لقياس أبعاد البيئة التعلمية ومستوى الإبداع والابتكار. أظهرت النتائج أن مستوى إدراك الطالبات لدور البيئة التعلمية في تحفيز الإبداع والابتكار جاء بمستوى عالٍ، حيث بلغ المتوسط الحسابي الكلي (3.64). كما بيّنت النتائج أن البعد البيداغوجي جاء في المرتبة الأولى من حيث التأثير، يليه البعد الاجتماعي، في حين جاء البعد المادي في المرتبة الأخيرة وبمستوى متوسط، ما يشير إلى قصور في المرافق والتجهيزات الداعمة للابتكار التطبيقي. كما كشفت النتائج عن وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في إدراك الطالبات لدور البيئة التعلمية تعزى لمتغير المستوى الدراسي لصالح الطالبات في المستويات المتقدمة، ووجود فروق تعزى لمتغير التخصص الأكاديمي لصالح طالبات التخصصات الأدبية. وانتهت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من التوصيات، أبرزها ضرورة تطوير البنية التحتية المادية، وإنشاء مساحات تعلم مرنة ومختبرات إبداع، إلى جانب تعزيز الأساليب البيداغوجية الداعمة للتعلم النشط، ونشر ثقافة مؤسسية محفزة على الإبداع والابتكار لدى الطالبات.
" مدى تطبيق مبادئ الحوكمة في مؤسسات التعليم العالي من وجهة نظر أعضاء هيئة التدريس" دراسة حالة في جامعة صبراتة: كلية الاقتصاد والعلوم السياسية – كلية الإدارة والموارد البشرية
The study aimed to identify the extent of applying governance principles in higher education institutions from the point of view of faculty members in Libyan universities. To achieve the study objectives, the descriptive analytical approach was followed, where a questionnaire was distributed to faculty members at Sabratha University in the Faculties of Economics and Political Science - Sorman, and Management and Human Resources - Zliten. The data were analyzed using the statistical analysis program (Spss). The study reached several results, the most important of which are: There is a clear weakness in the level of application of governance principles within Sabratha University, as well as the weakness of the laws in force in the event of violations such as bribery, fraud and misuse of power. The study recommended enhancing the university's efforts in applying governance principles by developing clear strategies and increasing employees' awareness of the importance of these principles in improving institutional performance.
Governance principles - Financial and administrative corruption - Higher education institutions
A Deep Learning Framework for Semantic Communication in Task-Oriented IoT Networks
The exponential growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) imposes unprecedented demands on wireless network resources. Traditional communication systems, designed to achieve bit-level fidelity, are inherently inefficient for many IoT applications where the goal is to convey meaning rather than perfect data reconstruction. This paper proposes a paradigm shift from classical bit-oriented to emerging meaning-oriented communication. We introduce a novel deep learning framework for a task-oriented semantic communication system, which we name DeepSC-IoT. Our proposed system employs a convolutional autoencoder architecture, trained end-to-end to extract, compress, and transmit only the essential semantic information required for a specific task at the receiver. We evaluate our system on a visual classification task using the MNIST dataset, simulating a network of IoT cameras. Simulation results demonstrate that our semantic approach achieves a significant reduction in bandwidth usage compared to a traditional separation-based scheme (JPEG compression + LDPC channel coding + QPSK modulation) while maintaining superior task accuracy, especially in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regimes. This work validates the potential of semantic communication to enable scalable and ultra-efficient massive IoT deployments.
Semantic Communication, Deep Learning, Internet of Things (IoT), 6G, Joint Source-Channel Coding, Bandwidth Efficiency.
Comparison between Database Search Algorithms (SQL and no SQL)
The fast evolution of data management systems gave rise to the emergence of various da-tabase architectures with different search algorithms that are optimized with specific use cases and data patterns. This is a thorough study of the underlying differences between the SQL and the NoSQL database search algorithms, comparing the performance attributes, op-timization strategies, and the applications. By careful study of algorithm techniques, index-ing strategies and query processing patterns, this study offers some insight into the strengths and weakness of each paradigm. The overview includes both conventional rela-tional database management systems (RDBMS) and newer NoSQL, such as document stores, key-value databases, column-family databases and graph databases. The findings show that SQL databases are better than NoSQL systems in complex relational queries and transaction processing, whereas NoSQL systems are better at handling large distributed data with flexi-ble schemas and high throughput demands.
SQL optimization, NoSQL systems, database algorithms, query performance, in-dexing strategies, distributed databases
اتجاهات طلبة كلية الاقتصاد والعلوم السياسية نحو جودة المقررات الدراسية دراسة ميدانية على طلبة كلية الاقتصاد والعلوم السياسية جامعة طرابلس
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى معرفة اتجاهات طلبة كلية الاقتصاد والعلوم السياسية نحو جودة المقرارات الدراسية وقد تناولت الدراسة خمسة محاور رئيسية هي : أهاف المقرر المقرر الدراسي ومحتوى المقرر وأساليب التقويم وتنوع الانشطة التعليمية وأداء عضو هيئة التدريس، وقد اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي واستخدمت استبانة مطورة بالاستناد إلى الدراسات السابقة وبما يتوافق مع أهداف الدراسة مع التحقق من صدقها وثباتها ، ويشمل مجتمع الدرسة طلبة كلية الاقتصاد والعلوم السياسية جامعة طرابلس بجميع الاقسام العلمية باختيار عينة عشوائية البالغ عددها (207) ويعتبر مقبول إحصائيا باستخدام (spss)ووزعت الاستبانة إلكترونيا عبر البريد الاكاديمي وأظهرت النتائج أن أعضاء هيئة التدريس يوضحون أهداف المقرر ومحتواه للطلاب بدرجة جيدة مما يعزز فهمهم لمسار العملية التعليمية كما أظهرت أن المحتوى يتميز بالترابط والتسلسل المنطقي ، وبمستوى ملاءمة مقبول مع الوقت المخصص للتدريس أيضا أن أساليب التقييم المستخدمة تقيس مخرجات التعلم بدرجة مقبولة
اتجاهات الطلاب ، المقرر الدراسي ، جودة المقرر الدراسي
The field of grammatical particles in Arabic linguistics exhibits a wide diversity of tools with multiple significations that perform various functions depending on the context in which they appear. Scarcely does an Arabic sentence lack a particle that contributes to clarifying, emphasizing, or embellishing its meaning, both phonetically and semantically. One of the most prominent of these particles is (*The Sudden "Idha" / Idha al-Fuja'iyyah*), which is the subject of this research. This study is concerned with examining its significance, its positions, and the structure of the sentence following it. It also explores the divergent views of grammarians regarding its classification; one group considers it a particle (Harf) with no grammatical position, others view it as an adverb of time (Zarf Zaman), while some classify it as an adverb of place (Zarf Makan). Each group presented evidence and arguments that contributed to enriching the scholarly debate surrounding it. Based on this multiplicity of opinions regarding the Sudden "Idha," I found it necessary to investigate this topic by reviewing primary grammar books and extrapolating evidence from the Holy Qur’an and Arabic speech. The methodology adopted in this research is the descriptive-analytical approach.
Sudden Idha (Idha al-Fuja'iyyah) - Significance - Grammatical Structure - Conditional Idha
الموروث الثقافي والاجتماعي دراسة حالة (مدينة زوارة)
This study aimed to explain the importance of social heritage and the resulting social relationships, which lead to an increase in social relationships that have suffered atrophy over the past several decades due to the impact of financial conditions. Studying social heritage is one of the reasons that may preserve these customs and traditions, and it is noticeable During the preparation of this study, some of them were not limited to the city of Zuwarah, the subject of research, but rather: We have found that there are customs and traditions that exist in neighboring cities, including in the case of death and marriage, with a slight difference in some social aspects. Due to the importance of this topic, we tried to devote our effort to the social conditions that need to be revived, and this is what we have shown during this study. Full knowledge of what is happening in the Zuwarah community socially.
customs, traditions, social, marriage, death, religious occasions.
الحكومة الالكترونية وتأثيرها على النظام المحاسبي الحكومي لمنظومة العمل الإداري " دراسة ميدانية على المستشفيات العامة بالمنطقة الغربية"
[The aim of this research was to identify the nature of e-government programs and clarify their impact on the governmental accounting system within the administrative work framework. The research reached several results, including: a strong positive correlation (R=0.606), meaning that the governmental accounting system is not isolated from technological developments; rather, it develops proportionally with the increasing reliance on e-government applications. The research recommended the necessity of designing advanced training programs for accountants in government units, focusing on digital accounting information systems and how to deal with relational databases instead of paper records.]
الحكومة الالكترونية - النظام المحاسبي الحكومي - منظومة العمل الإداري - المستشفيات العامة.
"تأثير إدارة المخاطر المالية على استدامة صناديق الضمان الاجتماعي"
This study aimed to identify the impact of financial risk management on the financial sustainability of social security funds by determining the types of risks they face, evaluating the level of application of risk management methods, analyzing the effectiveness of adopted policies, and measuring their reflection on financial sustainability, ultimately leading to recommendations to enhance the efficiency of risk management. The study population consisted of employees at the Social Security Fund in Al-Bayda, and the sample included all employees across different departments, with 52 valid questionnaires available for analysis. The study relied on questionnaires as a tool for data collection, and the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods through the SPSS program. The results showed a high level of awareness of the importance of financial risk management and its role in supporting sustainability, while indicating financial and organizational challenges, most notably the electronic deficit, and some weakness in technical capacities. In addition, there was an acceptable level of policy implementation and evaluation procedures, alongside a need for further institutional development. The study recommended strengthening financial risk management strategies, diversifying investments, developing human competencies, and improving governance and financial oversight in a way that supports the long-term financial sustainability of social security funds.
إدارة المخاطر المالية، الاستدامة المالية، صناديق الضمان الاجتماعي، المخاطر الاكتوارية، تنويع الاستثمارات، الحوكمة والرقابة المالية
This study aims to examine the relationship between Arab media and Arab identity, and to analyze the role of media in either reinforcing or weakening the components of identity in light of contemporary media transformations, particularly media globalization and the growing influence of satellite and digital media as well as social networking platforms. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach based on reviewing and analyzing relevant theoretical literature and previous studies on media and cultural identity. The findings indicate that Arab media plays a dual role in shaping Arab identity. On one hand, certain media discourse contributes to strengthening the Arabic language, cultural values, and a sense of cultural belonging. On the other hand, media discourse influenced by foreign media models contributes to marginalizing some elements of Arab identity and weakening their presence, especially among youth. The study also reveals that digital transformations and media globalization have intensified the complexity of the relationship between media and identity, creating cultural challenges that require conscious and strategic media approaches. The study recommends developing Arab media discourse, enhancing purposeful cultural content, supporting the use of standard Arabic, and positively employing digital media to protect and reinforce Arab identity within collective cultural awareness.
Arab Media, Arab Identity, Media Discourse, Media Globalization, Cultural Awareness.
أثر القيادة التحويلية علي البراعة التنظيمية لدي العاملين بصندوق الضمان الاجتماعي - فرع شرق بنغازي
This study aimed to examine the impact of transformational leadership on organizational agility among employees at the Social Security Fund – East Benghazi branch. A descriptive-analytical method was employed, and primary data were collected using a questionnaire developed by the researcher based on previous studies. The study sample consisted of 47 employees, selected through simple random sampling. Statistical analyses indicated that both transformational leadership and organizational agility levels were high among the employees. Furthermore, transformational leadership was found to have a statistically significant effect on organizational agility (α ≤ 0.05). The findings highlight the substantial role of transformational leadership in enhancing organizational agility, particularly through its dimensions of intellectual stimulation and inspirational motivation.
Transformational leadership, organizational ambidexterity, Social Security Fund, Benghazi City, Libya
Translational Shifts in AI-Assisted Translation: A Corpus-Based Comparative Study of Arabic–English Academic Writing
This study investigates translational shifts in AI-assisted Arabic–English academic writing through a comparative corpus-based approach. A parallel corpus consisting of Arabic source texts, human translations, and AI-assisted translations was compiled and analyzed. The research focuses on key discourse-level shifts, including explicitation, nominalization, and lexical density. Findings indicate that AI-assisted translations exhibit higher levels of explicitation and nominalization, as well as increased lexical density, compared to human translations. These results suggest that AI-assisted translation tends to standardize English academic register, potentially affecting rhetorical diversity and source-text representation. Implications for translator agency, pedagogical practices, and editorial standards are discussed. The study contributes to understanding the impact of AI on academic translation and provides empirical evidence for corpus-based analysis of machine-mediated translation.
AI-assisted translation, translational shifts, explicitation, nominalization, lexical density, corpus-based translation studies, Arabic–English academic writing